GM, LAC sign $625-million agreement in push to secure lithium supply in the West

The Vancouver, Canada-based Lithium Americas (LAC) entered into a new $625-million investment agreement with the US automaker General Motors (GM) for establishing a joint venture to fund, develop, construct and operate LAC’s Thacker Pass lithium mine, the company announced on Wednesday October 16

“[It is] good to see GM still plowing ahead, just what is needed as the weak patch [in demand] will be temporary, and it will be vital for Western supply chains to continue to secure non-Chinese supply because Western demand will get bigger,” Fastmarkets’ head of base metals and battery research William Adams said.

“With more big companies such as GM, Rio Tinto, Exxon and Equinor getting more involved, the West will have a better chance of keeping up with China at the mine level; they just need to do the same at the processing, pCAM [precursor cathode active material], CAM [cathode active material], and battery levels,” Adams added.

Battery production in the US reached 70 GWh of EV batteries in 2023, and the country imports 30% of its EV battery demand, according to an International Energy Agency (IEA) report released in April.

China currently holds around 90% of global installed CAM manufacturing capacity and more than 97% of anode active material manufacturing capacity, according to the IEA.

$2.3 billion DOE loan

On March 12, Lithium Americas received a conditional commitment for a $2.3 billion loan from the US Department of Energy under the Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program.

Under the newly announced JV agreement, GM will acquire a 38% asset-level ownership stake in Thacker Pass for $625 million in total cash and letters of credit that will be used as collateral to support reserve account requirements under the DOE loan, LAC said in a statement.

“GM’s JV Investment demonstrates their continued support and helps us to unlock the previously announced $2.3 billion DOE Loan. We will be working closely with GM to advance towards the final investment decision, which we are targeting by the end of the year,” LAC president and chief executive officer Jonathan Evans said in the statement.

“[The] largest-ever publicly announced investment by a US [original equipment manufacturer] in a lithium carbonate project highlights the strategic importance of Thacker Pass in creating a domestic supply chain for critical minerals,” according to LAC.

Fastmarkets lithium price assessment

Fastmarkets launched its standalone battery-grade lithium carbonate price for the North American market in April.

Fastmarkets assessed the lithium carbonate 99.5% Li2CO3 min, battery grade, spot price ddp US and Canada at $12.80-14.00 per kg on Thursday October 17, down from $13.00-14.50 per kg at the time of its launch on April 4.

“We’re pleased with the significant progress that Lithium Americas is making to help GM achieve our goal to develop a resilient EV material supply chain,” Jeff Morrison, GM’s senior vice president of global purchasing and supply chain, said in the statement.

“Sourcing critical EV raw materials, like lithium, from suppliers in the US is expected to help us manage battery cell costs, deliver value to our customers and investors, and create jobs,” he added.

Earlier in the month, GM said it was looking to expand its range of battery chemistries in the US to include lithium-iron phosphate batteries, which use lithium carbonate.

The agreement between the companies also extends GM’s offtake agreement for up to 100% of production volumes from Phase 1 of Thacker Pass to 20 years. Upon closing the transaction, GM will also enter into an additional 20-year offtake agreement for up to 38% of production volumes from Phase 2.

Trade with lithium price data that is unbiased, IOSCO-compliant and widely used across the energy commodity markets. Our lithium prices are market-reflective, assessing both the buy- and sell-side of transactions. Talk to us about our market-reflective lithium prices, data and analysis today. Click here to find out more.

What to read next
The shift in China from nickel-cobalt-manganese (NCM) batteries, which mainly use lithium hydroxide, to lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, which use lithium carbonate, is leading to a wider price spread between the two materials, prompting producers there to shift from hydroxide to carbonate.
China’s electric vehicle (EV) and battery industry participants expect more uncertainty under a second Donald Trump presidency amid the president-elect’s intention to scale back the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) and pursue expanded protectionist trade policies, sources told Fastmarkets on Thursday November 7
The market for silicon anodes is likely to develop rapidly, independently of growth in the ex-China graphite supply chain, according to the chief executive officer of a leading silicon anode producer.
Chinese steelmakers exporting low-carbon emission steel products will be among key users of green ferro-alloys, mainly because of the carbon emissions reduction requirements of the end users in their export destinations, sources told Fastmarkets.
Concerns over a potential decline in investments in the decarbonization of the steel industry are growing following the confirmation that Donald Trump will soon be returning as president of the United States, sources told Fastmarkets this week.
Fastmarkets invited feedback from the industry on the pricing methodology for its International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO)-audited non-ferrous metals, via an open consultation process between October 8 and November 7, 2024. This consultation was done as part of our published annual methodology review process.